Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a serious condition that arises when cancer cells begin to grow uncontrollably in the stomach. It can develop in any part of the stomach, but in the U.S., it's most commonly found at the gastroesophageal junction, where the stomach meets the esophagus. In other parts of the world, such as East Asia and parts of South America, it often starts in the main part of the stomach.
What Is Stomach Cancer?
Stomach cancer typically begins in the lining of the stomach and progresses slowly over time. If left untreated, it can form a tumor that invades deeper into the stomach walls and may spread to nearby organs like the liver and pancreas. Although stomach cancer is relatively rare in the U.S., with only about 1.5% of cancer diagnoses involving the stomach, it is one of the most common cancers globally.
Who Is at Risk?
Stomach cancer can affect anyone, but certain demographic factors increase the risk:
Age: Most cases are in people over 65.
Gender: Men are more likely to develop stomach cancer than women.
Ethnicity: Increased risk is seen in individuals of East Asian, South or Central American, or Eastern European descent.
Other risk factors include family history, infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and dietary habits. Genetic conditions such as Lynch syndrome or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome can also elevate risk.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
In its early stages, stomach cancer may not present symptoms. Common early signs include unexplained weight loss and stomach pain, which often don’t appear until the cancer is more advanced. Symptoms to watch for include:
Loss of appetite
Difficulty swallowing
Fatigue or weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Unexplained weight loss
Heartburn or indigestion
Black stool or vomiting blood
Feeling bloated after eating
To diagnose stomach cancer, doctors typically perform an upper endoscopy, where a thin tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to view the stomach. A biopsy may be taken for testing. Additional tests such as endoscopic ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and laparoscopy may be used to stage the cancer and determine its spread.
Treatment Options
Treatment for stomach cancer varies based on the stage and spread of the disease. Options include:
Surgery: To remove tumors or affected parts of the stomach. In early stages, endoscopic procedures may be used. In more advanced cases, subtotal or total gastrectomy might be necessary.
Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to shrink or kill cancer cells, often combined with radiation.
Radiation Therapy: Targets cancer cells with energy beams to destroy them.
Targeted Drug Therapy: Focuses on specific cancer cell weaknesses.
Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system recognize and fight cancer cells.
Palliative Care: Aims to improve quality of life and manage symptoms.
Prevention and Outlook
While stomach cancer cannot be entirely prevented, reducing risk factors can help. Addressing H. pylori infections, maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, avoiding tobacco, and managing weight are important steps. The prognosis varies significantly depending on the stage at diagnosis, with early-stage cancers having a much better survival rate compared to advanced stages.
Conclusion
Stomach cancer is a serious condition with complex treatment options, but early detection and expert care can significantly improve outcomes. If you’re in Delhi and looking for top-notch medical care, the city offers some of the best surgeons in the field. Always consult with healthcare professionals to tailor the best treatment plan for your individual situation. Your journey through treatment can be supported by knowledgeable, compassionate care and cutting-edge medical practices.
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